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The primary factor that affects braking distance in heavy vehicles is vehicle weight. Heavier vehicles require more force to slow down or stop due to their greater momentum. When a heavy vehicle is in motion, the increased mass necessitates more braking force to achieve the same deceleration as a lighter vehicle. Consequently, when a heavy vehicle brakes, the braking distance is significantly longer compared to lighter vehicles.

Furthermore, heavier vehicles are also subject to greater inertia, which means it takes more time and distance to overcome this inertia when slowing down. If the braking system is not designed to handle the increased loads of a heavy vehicle, it can further extend the braking distance.

While weather conditions, tire tread depth, and driver experience also play roles in overall vehicle safety and handling, they do not influence braking distance in heavy vehicles as significantly as weight does. Weather may cause skidding or traction issues, tire tread depth affects grip, and driver experience can impact reaction time and decision making. However, the fundamental physics of motion and braking highlight vehicle weight as the most critical factor influencing how long it takes for a heavy vehicle to come to a stop.